Glow Discharge Plasmas in Analytical Spectroscopy
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Glow Discharge Plasmas in Analytical Spectroscopy
Marcus, R. Kenneth; Broekaert, Jose A. C.
John Wiley & Sons Inc
11/2002
512
Dura
Inglês
9780471606994
15 a 20 dias
846
Descrição não disponível.
Preface xi
List of Contributors xiii
1 Introduction 1
R. K. Marcus and J. A. C. Broekaert
1.1 Rationale 1
1.2 Glow Discharge Devices: Basic Operating Principles 3
1.3 Glow Discharge Devices: Scope of Application 6
1.4 Volume Outline 7
1.5 References 12
2 Optical Emission Spectrometry with Glow Discharges 15
J. A. C. Broekaert
2.1 Introduction 15
2.2 Glow Discharges 16
2.3 Atomic Emission Spectrometry 36
2.4 Material Ablation 49
2.5 Analyses with Glow Discharge Atomic Emission Spectrometry 55
2.6 Other Methods of Analysis and Outlook 63
2.7 References 67
3 Mass Spectrometry of Glow Discharges 71
W. W. Harrison, C. Yang and E. Oxley
3.1 Introduction 71
3.2 Fundamentals of Mass Spectrometry 75
3.3 Instrumentation 82
3.4 Qualitative Considerations 91
3.5 Quantitative Analysis 92
3.6 Conclusions 95
3.7 References 95
4 Radio Frequency Glow Discharges 97
R. K. Marcus
4.1 Introduction 97
4.2 Radio Frequency Glow Discharge (rf-GD) Operation Principles 99
4.3 Comparisons with dc-Powered Glow Discharge Sources 101
4.4 Instrumentation 106
4.5 Analytical Applications 112
4.6 Summary 136
4.7 References 136
5 Depth Profile Analysis 141
A. Bengtson
5.1 Introduction 141
5.2 Instrumentation 142
5.3 Practical Aspects and Results 144
5.4 Conclusions 153
5.5 References 154
6 Numerical Modeling of Analytical Glow Discharges 155
A. Bogaerts and R. Gijbels
6.1 Introduction 155
6.2 Description of the Models 157
6.3 Results and Discussion 170
6.4 Conclusion 202
6.5 References 203
7 Application of Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectrometry in the Steel Industry 207
K. Kakita
7.1 Introduction 207
7.2 Measurement Traceability of Coating Weight and Chemical Composition by GD-OES 208
7.3 Method of Coating Analysis by GD-OES 209
7.4 Depth Profiles of Coatings by GD-OES 213
7.5 Factors Affecting Depth Profiles 217
7.6 Validation and Verification of Calibration Graphs 225
7.7 References 229
8 Surfaces, Thin Films and Coatings 231
R. Payling, P. Chapon, K. Shimizu, R. Passetemps, A. Jadin, Y. Bourgeois, K. Crener, M. Aeberhard and J. Michler
8.1 Introduction 231
8.2 Surfaces 232
8.3 Thin Films 238
8.4 Coatings 243
8.5 Conclusions 251
8.6 Acknowledgements 251
8.7 References 251
9 Comparison of Glow Discharge Atomic Spectrometry with Other Surface Analysis Methods 253
K. Wagatsuma
9.1 Introduction 253
9.2 Surface Analysis Methods Competitive with Glow Discharge Spectrometry 256
9.3 Analytical Examples 263
9.4 References 272
10 Analysis of Samples of Nuclear Concern with Glow Discharge Atomic Spectrometry 273
M. Betti
10.1 Introduction 273
10.2 Instrumentation 274
10.3 Practical Aspects and Results 277
10.4 Conclusions 288
10.5 Acknowledgements 289
10.6 References 290
11 Analysis of Nonconducting Materials by dc Glow Discharge Spectrometry 293
A. Bogaerts, W. Schelles and R. Van Grieken
11.1 Introduction 293
11.2 Use of a Conducting Host Matrix 294
11.3 Use of a Conducting Secondary Cathode 301
11.4 Conclusion 311
11.5 References 314
12 Standards and Reference Materials for Glow Discharge Spectroscopies 317
M. R. Winchester
12.1 Introduction 317
12.2 Practical Aspects 318
12.3 Conclusions 331
12.4 References 332
13 Analysis of Liquid Samples Using Glow Discharge Spectroscopies 335
R. K. Marcus
13.1 Introduction 335
13.2 Instrumentation 336
13.3 Practical Aspects and Applications 341
13.4 References 360
14 GC Speciation with GDMS Detection 363
J. A. Caruso and L. Milstein
14.1 Introduction 363
14.2 Elemental Speciation 364
14.3 Instrumentation 364
14.4 Practical Aspects and Results 370
14.5 Conclusions 378
14.6 References 379
15 Glow Discharge Atomic Emission Spectrometry for the Analysis of Gases and as an Alternative Gas Chromatographic Detector 381
R. Pereiro, N. G. Orellana-Velado and A. Sanz-Medel
15.1 Introduction 381
15.2 Instrumentation for the Analysis of Gases and Gas Chromatographic Detection by GD-AES 386
15.3 Practical Aspects and Results 392
15.4 Conclusions 399
15.5 References 399
16 Low-pressure Inductively Coupled Plasmas 401
H. Evans
16.1 Introduction 401
16.2 Fundamentals 403
16.3 Instrumentation 407
16.4 Practical Aspects and Results 416
16.5 Conclusions 430
16.6 References 430
17 Multidimensional Ionization Sources for Plasma-source Mass Spectrometry 435
J. P. Guzowski, Jr and G. M. Hieftje
17.1 Introduction 435
17.2 Tandem Sources in PSMS 437
17.3 Multipurpose Ionization Sources for PSMS 441
17.4 Conclusions 463
17.5 Acknowledgments 463
17.6 References 464
Index 469
List of Contributors xiii
1 Introduction 1
R. K. Marcus and J. A. C. Broekaert
1.1 Rationale 1
1.2 Glow Discharge Devices: Basic Operating Principles 3
1.3 Glow Discharge Devices: Scope of Application 6
1.4 Volume Outline 7
1.5 References 12
2 Optical Emission Spectrometry with Glow Discharges 15
J. A. C. Broekaert
2.1 Introduction 15
2.2 Glow Discharges 16
2.3 Atomic Emission Spectrometry 36
2.4 Material Ablation 49
2.5 Analyses with Glow Discharge Atomic Emission Spectrometry 55
2.6 Other Methods of Analysis and Outlook 63
2.7 References 67
3 Mass Spectrometry of Glow Discharges 71
W. W. Harrison, C. Yang and E. Oxley
3.1 Introduction 71
3.2 Fundamentals of Mass Spectrometry 75
3.3 Instrumentation 82
3.4 Qualitative Considerations 91
3.5 Quantitative Analysis 92
3.6 Conclusions 95
3.7 References 95
4 Radio Frequency Glow Discharges 97
R. K. Marcus
4.1 Introduction 97
4.2 Radio Frequency Glow Discharge (rf-GD) Operation Principles 99
4.3 Comparisons with dc-Powered Glow Discharge Sources 101
4.4 Instrumentation 106
4.5 Analytical Applications 112
4.6 Summary 136
4.7 References 136
5 Depth Profile Analysis 141
A. Bengtson
5.1 Introduction 141
5.2 Instrumentation 142
5.3 Practical Aspects and Results 144
5.4 Conclusions 153
5.5 References 154
6 Numerical Modeling of Analytical Glow Discharges 155
A. Bogaerts and R. Gijbels
6.1 Introduction 155
6.2 Description of the Models 157
6.3 Results and Discussion 170
6.4 Conclusion 202
6.5 References 203
7 Application of Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectrometry in the Steel Industry 207
K. Kakita
7.1 Introduction 207
7.2 Measurement Traceability of Coating Weight and Chemical Composition by GD-OES 208
7.3 Method of Coating Analysis by GD-OES 209
7.4 Depth Profiles of Coatings by GD-OES 213
7.5 Factors Affecting Depth Profiles 217
7.6 Validation and Verification of Calibration Graphs 225
7.7 References 229
8 Surfaces, Thin Films and Coatings 231
R. Payling, P. Chapon, K. Shimizu, R. Passetemps, A. Jadin, Y. Bourgeois, K. Crener, M. Aeberhard and J. Michler
8.1 Introduction 231
8.2 Surfaces 232
8.3 Thin Films 238
8.4 Coatings 243
8.5 Conclusions 251
8.6 Acknowledgements 251
8.7 References 251
9 Comparison of Glow Discharge Atomic Spectrometry with Other Surface Analysis Methods 253
K. Wagatsuma
9.1 Introduction 253
9.2 Surface Analysis Methods Competitive with Glow Discharge Spectrometry 256
9.3 Analytical Examples 263
9.4 References 272
10 Analysis of Samples of Nuclear Concern with Glow Discharge Atomic Spectrometry 273
M. Betti
10.1 Introduction 273
10.2 Instrumentation 274
10.3 Practical Aspects and Results 277
10.4 Conclusions 288
10.5 Acknowledgements 289
10.6 References 290
11 Analysis of Nonconducting Materials by dc Glow Discharge Spectrometry 293
A. Bogaerts, W. Schelles and R. Van Grieken
11.1 Introduction 293
11.2 Use of a Conducting Host Matrix 294
11.3 Use of a Conducting Secondary Cathode 301
11.4 Conclusion 311
11.5 References 314
12 Standards and Reference Materials for Glow Discharge Spectroscopies 317
M. R. Winchester
12.1 Introduction 317
12.2 Practical Aspects 318
12.3 Conclusions 331
12.4 References 332
13 Analysis of Liquid Samples Using Glow Discharge Spectroscopies 335
R. K. Marcus
13.1 Introduction 335
13.2 Instrumentation 336
13.3 Practical Aspects and Applications 341
13.4 References 360
14 GC Speciation with GDMS Detection 363
J. A. Caruso and L. Milstein
14.1 Introduction 363
14.2 Elemental Speciation 364
14.3 Instrumentation 364
14.4 Practical Aspects and Results 370
14.5 Conclusions 378
14.6 References 379
15 Glow Discharge Atomic Emission Spectrometry for the Analysis of Gases and as an Alternative Gas Chromatographic Detector 381
R. Pereiro, N. G. Orellana-Velado and A. Sanz-Medel
15.1 Introduction 381
15.2 Instrumentation for the Analysis of Gases and Gas Chromatographic Detection by GD-AES 386
15.3 Practical Aspects and Results 392
15.4 Conclusions 399
15.5 References 399
16 Low-pressure Inductively Coupled Plasmas 401
H. Evans
16.1 Introduction 401
16.2 Fundamentals 403
16.3 Instrumentation 407
16.4 Practical Aspects and Results 416
16.5 Conclusions 430
16.6 References 430
17 Multidimensional Ionization Sources for Plasma-source Mass Spectrometry 435
J. P. Guzowski, Jr and G. M. Hieftje
17.1 Introduction 435
17.2 Tandem Sources in PSMS 437
17.3 Multipurpose Ionization Sources for PSMS 441
17.4 Conclusions 463
17.5 Acknowledgments 463
17.6 References 464
Index 469
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glow; years; one; devices; discharge; sources; spectrochemical; atomic; studies; earliest; structures; analysis; last; chemical; arena; art; plasmas; use; state; analytical; across; spectroscopy; elemental
Preface xi
List of Contributors xiii
1 Introduction 1
R. K. Marcus and J. A. C. Broekaert
1.1 Rationale 1
1.2 Glow Discharge Devices: Basic Operating Principles 3
1.3 Glow Discharge Devices: Scope of Application 6
1.4 Volume Outline 7
1.5 References 12
2 Optical Emission Spectrometry with Glow Discharges 15
J. A. C. Broekaert
2.1 Introduction 15
2.2 Glow Discharges 16
2.3 Atomic Emission Spectrometry 36
2.4 Material Ablation 49
2.5 Analyses with Glow Discharge Atomic Emission Spectrometry 55
2.6 Other Methods of Analysis and Outlook 63
2.7 References 67
3 Mass Spectrometry of Glow Discharges 71
W. W. Harrison, C. Yang and E. Oxley
3.1 Introduction 71
3.2 Fundamentals of Mass Spectrometry 75
3.3 Instrumentation 82
3.4 Qualitative Considerations 91
3.5 Quantitative Analysis 92
3.6 Conclusions 95
3.7 References 95
4 Radio Frequency Glow Discharges 97
R. K. Marcus
4.1 Introduction 97
4.2 Radio Frequency Glow Discharge (rf-GD) Operation Principles 99
4.3 Comparisons with dc-Powered Glow Discharge Sources 101
4.4 Instrumentation 106
4.5 Analytical Applications 112
4.6 Summary 136
4.7 References 136
5 Depth Profile Analysis 141
A. Bengtson
5.1 Introduction 141
5.2 Instrumentation 142
5.3 Practical Aspects and Results 144
5.4 Conclusions 153
5.5 References 154
6 Numerical Modeling of Analytical Glow Discharges 155
A. Bogaerts and R. Gijbels
6.1 Introduction 155
6.2 Description of the Models 157
6.3 Results and Discussion 170
6.4 Conclusion 202
6.5 References 203
7 Application of Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectrometry in the Steel Industry 207
K. Kakita
7.1 Introduction 207
7.2 Measurement Traceability of Coating Weight and Chemical Composition by GD-OES 208
7.3 Method of Coating Analysis by GD-OES 209
7.4 Depth Profiles of Coatings by GD-OES 213
7.5 Factors Affecting Depth Profiles 217
7.6 Validation and Verification of Calibration Graphs 225
7.7 References 229
8 Surfaces, Thin Films and Coatings 231
R. Payling, P. Chapon, K. Shimizu, R. Passetemps, A. Jadin, Y. Bourgeois, K. Crener, M. Aeberhard and J. Michler
8.1 Introduction 231
8.2 Surfaces 232
8.3 Thin Films 238
8.4 Coatings 243
8.5 Conclusions 251
8.6 Acknowledgements 251
8.7 References 251
9 Comparison of Glow Discharge Atomic Spectrometry with Other Surface Analysis Methods 253
K. Wagatsuma
9.1 Introduction 253
9.2 Surface Analysis Methods Competitive with Glow Discharge Spectrometry 256
9.3 Analytical Examples 263
9.4 References 272
10 Analysis of Samples of Nuclear Concern with Glow Discharge Atomic Spectrometry 273
M. Betti
10.1 Introduction 273
10.2 Instrumentation 274
10.3 Practical Aspects and Results 277
10.4 Conclusions 288
10.5 Acknowledgements 289
10.6 References 290
11 Analysis of Nonconducting Materials by dc Glow Discharge Spectrometry 293
A. Bogaerts, W. Schelles and R. Van Grieken
11.1 Introduction 293
11.2 Use of a Conducting Host Matrix 294
11.3 Use of a Conducting Secondary Cathode 301
11.4 Conclusion 311
11.5 References 314
12 Standards and Reference Materials for Glow Discharge Spectroscopies 317
M. R. Winchester
12.1 Introduction 317
12.2 Practical Aspects 318
12.3 Conclusions 331
12.4 References 332
13 Analysis of Liquid Samples Using Glow Discharge Spectroscopies 335
R. K. Marcus
13.1 Introduction 335
13.2 Instrumentation 336
13.3 Practical Aspects and Applications 341
13.4 References 360
14 GC Speciation with GDMS Detection 363
J. A. Caruso and L. Milstein
14.1 Introduction 363
14.2 Elemental Speciation 364
14.3 Instrumentation 364
14.4 Practical Aspects and Results 370
14.5 Conclusions 378
14.6 References 379
15 Glow Discharge Atomic Emission Spectrometry for the Analysis of Gases and as an Alternative Gas Chromatographic Detector 381
R. Pereiro, N. G. Orellana-Velado and A. Sanz-Medel
15.1 Introduction 381
15.2 Instrumentation for the Analysis of Gases and Gas Chromatographic Detection by GD-AES 386
15.3 Practical Aspects and Results 392
15.4 Conclusions 399
15.5 References 399
16 Low-pressure Inductively Coupled Plasmas 401
H. Evans
16.1 Introduction 401
16.2 Fundamentals 403
16.3 Instrumentation 407
16.4 Practical Aspects and Results 416
16.5 Conclusions 430
16.6 References 430
17 Multidimensional Ionization Sources for Plasma-source Mass Spectrometry 435
J. P. Guzowski, Jr and G. M. Hieftje
17.1 Introduction 435
17.2 Tandem Sources in PSMS 437
17.3 Multipurpose Ionization Sources for PSMS 441
17.4 Conclusions 463
17.5 Acknowledgments 463
17.6 References 464
Index 469
List of Contributors xiii
1 Introduction 1
R. K. Marcus and J. A. C. Broekaert
1.1 Rationale 1
1.2 Glow Discharge Devices: Basic Operating Principles 3
1.3 Glow Discharge Devices: Scope of Application 6
1.4 Volume Outline 7
1.5 References 12
2 Optical Emission Spectrometry with Glow Discharges 15
J. A. C. Broekaert
2.1 Introduction 15
2.2 Glow Discharges 16
2.3 Atomic Emission Spectrometry 36
2.4 Material Ablation 49
2.5 Analyses with Glow Discharge Atomic Emission Spectrometry 55
2.6 Other Methods of Analysis and Outlook 63
2.7 References 67
3 Mass Spectrometry of Glow Discharges 71
W. W. Harrison, C. Yang and E. Oxley
3.1 Introduction 71
3.2 Fundamentals of Mass Spectrometry 75
3.3 Instrumentation 82
3.4 Qualitative Considerations 91
3.5 Quantitative Analysis 92
3.6 Conclusions 95
3.7 References 95
4 Radio Frequency Glow Discharges 97
R. K. Marcus
4.1 Introduction 97
4.2 Radio Frequency Glow Discharge (rf-GD) Operation Principles 99
4.3 Comparisons with dc-Powered Glow Discharge Sources 101
4.4 Instrumentation 106
4.5 Analytical Applications 112
4.6 Summary 136
4.7 References 136
5 Depth Profile Analysis 141
A. Bengtson
5.1 Introduction 141
5.2 Instrumentation 142
5.3 Practical Aspects and Results 144
5.4 Conclusions 153
5.5 References 154
6 Numerical Modeling of Analytical Glow Discharges 155
A. Bogaerts and R. Gijbels
6.1 Introduction 155
6.2 Description of the Models 157
6.3 Results and Discussion 170
6.4 Conclusion 202
6.5 References 203
7 Application of Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectrometry in the Steel Industry 207
K. Kakita
7.1 Introduction 207
7.2 Measurement Traceability of Coating Weight and Chemical Composition by GD-OES 208
7.3 Method of Coating Analysis by GD-OES 209
7.4 Depth Profiles of Coatings by GD-OES 213
7.5 Factors Affecting Depth Profiles 217
7.6 Validation and Verification of Calibration Graphs 225
7.7 References 229
8 Surfaces, Thin Films and Coatings 231
R. Payling, P. Chapon, K. Shimizu, R. Passetemps, A. Jadin, Y. Bourgeois, K. Crener, M. Aeberhard and J. Michler
8.1 Introduction 231
8.2 Surfaces 232
8.3 Thin Films 238
8.4 Coatings 243
8.5 Conclusions 251
8.6 Acknowledgements 251
8.7 References 251
9 Comparison of Glow Discharge Atomic Spectrometry with Other Surface Analysis Methods 253
K. Wagatsuma
9.1 Introduction 253
9.2 Surface Analysis Methods Competitive with Glow Discharge Spectrometry 256
9.3 Analytical Examples 263
9.4 References 272
10 Analysis of Samples of Nuclear Concern with Glow Discharge Atomic Spectrometry 273
M. Betti
10.1 Introduction 273
10.2 Instrumentation 274
10.3 Practical Aspects and Results 277
10.4 Conclusions 288
10.5 Acknowledgements 289
10.6 References 290
11 Analysis of Nonconducting Materials by dc Glow Discharge Spectrometry 293
A. Bogaerts, W. Schelles and R. Van Grieken
11.1 Introduction 293
11.2 Use of a Conducting Host Matrix 294
11.3 Use of a Conducting Secondary Cathode 301
11.4 Conclusion 311
11.5 References 314
12 Standards and Reference Materials for Glow Discharge Spectroscopies 317
M. R. Winchester
12.1 Introduction 317
12.2 Practical Aspects 318
12.3 Conclusions 331
12.4 References 332
13 Analysis of Liquid Samples Using Glow Discharge Spectroscopies 335
R. K. Marcus
13.1 Introduction 335
13.2 Instrumentation 336
13.3 Practical Aspects and Applications 341
13.4 References 360
14 GC Speciation with GDMS Detection 363
J. A. Caruso and L. Milstein
14.1 Introduction 363
14.2 Elemental Speciation 364
14.3 Instrumentation 364
14.4 Practical Aspects and Results 370
14.5 Conclusions 378
14.6 References 379
15 Glow Discharge Atomic Emission Spectrometry for the Analysis of Gases and as an Alternative Gas Chromatographic Detector 381
R. Pereiro, N. G. Orellana-Velado and A. Sanz-Medel
15.1 Introduction 381
15.2 Instrumentation for the Analysis of Gases and Gas Chromatographic Detection by GD-AES 386
15.3 Practical Aspects and Results 392
15.4 Conclusions 399
15.5 References 399
16 Low-pressure Inductively Coupled Plasmas 401
H. Evans
16.1 Introduction 401
16.2 Fundamentals 403
16.3 Instrumentation 407
16.4 Practical Aspects and Results 416
16.5 Conclusions 430
16.6 References 430
17 Multidimensional Ionization Sources for Plasma-source Mass Spectrometry 435
J. P. Guzowski, Jr and G. M. Hieftje
17.1 Introduction 435
17.2 Tandem Sources in PSMS 437
17.3 Multipurpose Ionization Sources for PSMS 441
17.4 Conclusions 463
17.5 Acknowledgments 463
17.6 References 464
Index 469
Este título pertence ao(s) assunto(s) indicados(s). Para ver outros títulos clique no assunto desejado.
